1. Use
It is impossible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.
2. Form
| if clause | main clause |
|---|---|
| Past Perfect | would + have + past participle |
| could + have + past participle | |
| might + have + past participle |
3. Examples
| if clause | main clause |
|---|---|
| If I had studied, | I would have passed the exams. |
| If I had studied, | I could have passed the exams. |
| If I had studied, | I might have passed the exams. |
The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.
| if clause | main clause |
|---|---|
| If I had studied, | I would have passed the exams. |
| main clause | if clause |
|---|---|
| I would have passed the exams | if I had studied. |

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