quarta-feira, 3 de maio de 2017

Word order in English questions

Word order in English questions – Summary

1. Questions without question words and be

Subject and verb change their position in statement and question.
  • Sentence: You are from Brazil.
  • Question: Are you from Brazil?
We always use the short answer, not only Yes or No. That's why questions without question words are also called YES/NO-questions.

2. Questions with question words and be

Question wordVerbSubjectRestAnswer
Whereareyou from?I am from London.
I'm from London.
Whatisyour name? My name is Peter.
HowarePat and Sue? They are fine.
They're fine.
Questions with question words are also called WH-questions.

3. Questions without question words and have

AuxiliarySubjectVerbRestYes/NoSubjectAuxiliary (+ n't)
Haveyougota cat?Yes,Ihave.
Haveyougota new car?No,wehaven't.
Hasyour brothergota bike?Yes,hehas.
Doyouhavea cat? Yes,Ido.
Doyouhavea new car? No,wedon't.
Doesyour brother havea bike? Yes,hedoes.

4. Questions with question words and have

Question wordAuxiliarySubjectVerbRestAnswer
Wherehaveyougotyour ruler?I've got it in my pencil case.
Wheredoyouhaveyour ruler?I have it in my pencil case.

5. Questions without question words in the Simple Present

AuxiliarySubjectVerbRestYes/NoSubjectAuxiliary (+ n't)
Doyoureadbooks?Yes,
No,
I
I
do.
don't.
DoesPeterplayfootball?Yes,hedoes.

6. Questions with question words in the Simple Present

Question wordAuxiliarySubjectVerbRestAnswer
Whatdoyouplayon your computer?I play games on my computer.
Whendoesyour mothergoto work?She goes to work at 6 o'clock.

7. Questions without question words in the Simple Past

AuxiliarySubjectVerbRestYes/NoSubjectAuxiliary (+ n't)
DidMaxplayfootball?Yes,
No,
he
he
did.
didn't.
BUT:
to beSubjectRestYes/NoSubjectAuxiliary (+ n't)
Wereyouin London last week?Yes,
No,
I
I
was.
wasn't.

8. Questions with question words in the Simple Past

Question wordAuxiliarySubjectVerbRestAnswer
Whatdidyouplayyesterday evening?I played computer games.
BUT:
Question wordto beSubjectRestAnswer
Wherewereyouyesterday?I was at the cinema.

9. Subject question

Question wordVerbRestSubjectVerbRest
Whorunsto the shop?Peterrunsto the shop.

10. Object question

Question wordAuxiliarySubjectVerbRestAnswer
WhodidMandyphonelast Monday?Mandy phoned her uncle.
NOTE!
Subject questionObject question
Who phoned John?Who did John phone?

Yes/No questions – be (am, are, is)

Yes/No questions and short answers with the verb be

Yes/No questions – be (am, are, is)

Subject and verb change their position in statement and question.
  • Sentence: You are from Brazil.
  • Question: Are you from Brazil?
We always use the short answer, not only Yes or No.
NOTE:
If the answer is Yes, we always use the long form. → Example: Yes, I am.
If the answer is No, we either use the long or the contracted form (short form). → Example: No, I am not → No, I'mnot.
VerbSubjectRestYes/NoSubjectVerb
Areyoufrom Brazil?Yes,Iam.
Areyoufrom Brazil?No,Iam not
'm not.
Isheyour friend?Yes,heis.
ArePeter and Johnfrom England?Yes,theyare.

terça-feira, 2 de maio de 2017

Prepositions

Prepositions of place



Resultado de imagem para prepositions of place


Prepositions of time and place

Resultado de imagem para prepositions of time

Prepositions of directions

Resultado de imagem para prepositions of direction

Prepositions

Prepositions of place and direction

Sentences with prepositions of place and direction

PrepositionUseSentences
abovehigher than sth.The picture hangs above my bed.
acrossfrom one side to the other sideYou mustn't go across this road here.
There isn't a bridge across the river.
afterone follows the otherThe cat ran after the dog.
After you.
againstdirected towards sth.The bird flew against the window.
alongin a line; from one point to anotherThey're walking along the beach.
amongin a groupI like being among people.
aroundin a circular wayWe're sitting around the campfire.
at*position at a pointI arrived at the meeting.
behindat the back ofOur house is behind the supermarket.
belowlower than sth.Death Valley is 86 metres below sea level.
besidenext toOur house is beside the supermarket.
betweensth./sb. is on each sideOur house is between the supermarket and the school.
bynearHe lives in the house by the river.
close tonearOur house is close to the supermarket.
downfrom high to lowHe came down the hill.
fromthe place where it startsDo you come from Tokyo?
in front ofthe part that is in the direction it facesOur house is in front of the supermarket.
insideopposite of outsideYou shouldn't stay inside the castle.
in*place seen in three dimensionsWe slept in the car.
larger areasI was born in England.
intoentering sth.You shouldn't go into the castle.
nearclose toOur house is near the supermarket.
next tobesideOur house is next to the supermarket.
offaway from sth.The cat jumped off the roof.
on*touches a surfaceThere is a fly on the table.
is seen as a point on a lineWe were on the way from Paris to Rome.
by a lake or seaLondon lies on the Thames.
ontomoving to a placeThe cat jumped onto the roof.
oppositeon the other sideOur house is opposite the supermarket.
out ofleaving sth.The cat jumped out of the window.
outsideopposite of insideCan you wait outside?
overabove sth./sb.The cat jumped over the wall.
pastgoing near sth./sb.Go past the post office.
roundin a circleWe're sitting round the campfire.
throughgoing from one point to the other pointYou shouldn't walk through the forest.
totowards sth./sb.I like going to Australia.
Can you come to me?
I've never been to Africa.
towardsin the direction of sth.We ran towards the castle.
underbelow sth.The cat is under the table.
upfrom low to highHe went up the hill.

segunda-feira, 1 de maio de 2017

Prepositions In, On, At

Prepositions – inon, at

The prepositions atinon
As there are no rules when atin or on are used, we recommend to remember phrases with the prepositions.
PrepositionExamples
atShe sits at the desk.
Open your books at page 10.
The bus stops at Graz.
I stay at my grandmother's.
I stand at the door.
Look at the top of the page.
The car stands at the end of the street.
Can we meet at the corner of the street?
I met John at a party.
Write this information at the beginning of the letter.
Pat wasn't at home yesterday.
I study economics at university.
The childen are at gandmother's.
He's looking at the park.
He always arrives late at school.
inWe sit in the room.
I see a house in the picture.
There are trout in the river.
He lives in Paris.
I found the picture in the paper.
He sits in the corner of the room.
There is a big tree in the middle of the garden.
He sits in the back of the car.
We arrive in Madrid.
He gets in the car.
She likes walking in the rain.
My cousin lives in the country.
There are kites in the sky.
He plays in the street. (BE)
She lives in a hotel.
The boys stand in a line.
He is in town.
I have to stay in bed.
The robber is in prison now.
You mustn't park your car in front of the school.
onThe map lies on the desk.
The picture is on page 10.
The photo hangs on the wall.
He lives on a farm.
Dresden lies on the river Elbe.
Men's clothes are on the second floor.
He lives on Heligoland.
The shop is on the left.
My friend is on the way to Moscow.
When she was a little girl people saw unrealistic cowboy films on television.

sábado, 29 de abril de 2017

Rappaccini's Daughter


Rappaccini's Daughter, Part 1Resultado de imagem para Rappaccini's Daughter,




Download MP3
Our story today is called "Rappaccini's Daughter."  It was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. We will tell the story in two parts. Here is Kay Gallant with the first part of our story.
Many years ago, a young man named Giovanni Guasconti left his home in Naples to study in northern Italy. He rented a small room on the top floor of a dark and ancient palace. Long ago, the building had belonged to a noble family. Now, an old woman, Signora Lisabetta, rented its rooms to students at the University of Padua.
Giovanni's room had a small window. From it he could see a large garden that had many plants and flowers. "Does the garden belong to you?" he asked Signora Lisabetta one day.
"Oh no!" she said quickly. "That garden belongs to the famous doctor, Giacomo Rappaccini. People say he uses those plants to make strange kinds of medicine. He lives in that small brown house in the garden with his daughter, Beatrice."
Giovanni often sat by his window to look at the garden. He had never seen so many different kinds of plants. They all had enormous green leaves and magnificent flowers in every color of the rainbow.
Giovanni's favorite plant was in a white marble vase near the house. It was covered with big purple flowers.
One day, while Giovani was looking out his window, he saw an old man in a black cape walking in the garden. The old man was tall and thin. His face was an unhealthy yellow color. His black eyes were very cold.
The old man wore thick gloves on his hands and a mask over his mouth and nose. He walked carefully among the plants, as if he were walking among wild animals or poisonous snakes. Although he looked at the flowers very closely, he did not touch or smell any of them.
When the old man arrived at the plant with the big purple flowers, he stopped.  He took off his mask and called loudly, "Beatrice! Come help me!"
"I am coming, Father. What do you want?" answered a warm young voice from inside the house. A young woman came into the garden. Her thick, dark hair fell around her shoulders in curls. Her cheeks were pink and her eyes were large and black.
She seemed full of life, health and energy as she walked among the plants. Giovanni thought she was as beautiful as the purple flowers in the marble vase. The old man said something to her. She nodded her head as she touched and smelled the flowers that her father had been so careful to avoid.
Several weeks later, Giovanni went to visit Pietro Baglioni, a friend of his father's.  Professor Baglioni taught medicine at the university. During the visit, Giovanni asked about Doctor Rappaccini. "He is a great scientist," Professor Baglioni replied. "But he is also a dangerous man."
"Why?" asked Giovanni.
The older man shook his head slowly. "Because Rappaccini cares more about science than he does about people. He has created many terrible poisons from the plants in his garden. He thinks he can cure sickness with these poisons.
It is true that several times he has cured a very sick person that everyone thought would die. But Rappaccini's medicine has also killed many people. I think he would sacrifice any life, even his own, for one of his experiments."
"But what about his daughter?" Giovanni said. "I'm sure he loves her."
The old professor smiled at the young man. "So," he said, "You have heard about Beatrice Rappaccini. People say she is very beautiful. But few men in Padua have ever seen her. She never leaves here father's garden."
Giovanni left professor Baglione's house as the sun was setting. On his way home, he stopped at a flower shop where he bought some fresh flowers. He returned to his room and sat by the window.
Very little sunlight was left. The garden was quiet. The purple flowers on Giovanni's favorite plant seemed to glow in the evening's fading light.
Then someone came out of the doorway of the little brown house. It was Beatrice. She entered the garden and walked among the plants. She bent to touch the leaves of a plant or to smell a flower. Rappaccini's daughter seemed to grow more beautiful with each step.
When she reached the purple plant, she buried her face in its flowers. Giovanni heard her say "Give me your breath, my sister. The ordinary air makes me weak. And give me one of your beautiful flowers." Beatrice gently broke off one of the largest flowers. As she lifted it to put it in her dark hair, a few drops of liquid from the flower fell to the ground.
One of the drops landed on the head of a tiny lizard crawling near the feet of Beatrice. For a moment the small animal twisted violently. Then it moved no more. Beatrice did not seem surprised. She sighed and placed the flower in her hair.
Giovanni leaned out of the window so he could see her better. At this moment, a beautiful butterfly flew over the garden wall. It seemed to be attracted by Beatrice and flew once around her head. Then, the insect's bright wings stopped and it fell to the ground dead. Beatrice shook her head sadly.
Suddenly, she looked up at Giovanni's window.  She saw the young man looking at her. Giovanni picked up the flowers he had bought and threw them down to her. "Young lady," he said, "Wear these flowers as a gift from Giovanni Guasconti."
"Thank you," Beatrice answered. She picked up the flowers from the ground and quickly ran to the house. She stopped at the door for a moment to wave shyly to Giovanni. It seemed to him that his flowers were beginning to turn brown in her hands.
For many days, the young man stayed away from the window that looked out on Rappaccini's garden. He wished he had not talked to Beatrice because now he felt under the power of her beauty.
He was a little afraid of her, too.  He could not forget how the little lizard and the butterfly had died.
One day, while he was returning home from his classes, he met Professor Baglioni on the street.
"Well, Giovanni," the old man said, "have you forgotten me?" Then he looked closely at the young man. "What is wrong, my friend? Your appearance has changed since the last time we met." It was true. Giovanni had become very thin. His face was white, and his eyes seemed to burn with fever.
As they stood talking, a man dressed in a long black cape came down the street. He moved slowly, like a person in poor health. His face was yellow, but his eyes were sharp and black. It was the man Giovanni had seen in the garden. As he passed them, the old man nodded coldly to Professor Baglioni.  But he looked at Giovanni with a great deal of interest.
"It's Doctor Rappaccini!" Professor Baglioni whispered after the old man had passed them. "Has he ever seen your face before?"
Giovanni shook his head. "No," he answered, "I don't think so."
Professor Baglioni looked worried. "I think he has seen you before. I know that cold look of his! He looks the same way when he examines an animal he has killed in one of his experiments. Giovanni, I will bet my life on it. You are the subject of one of Rappaccini's experiments!"
Giovanni stepped away from the old man. "You are joking," he said. "No, I am serious." The professor took Giovanni's arm. "Be careful, my young friend. You are in great danger."
Giovanni pulled his arm away.  "I must be going," he said, "Good night."
As Giovanni hurried to his room, he felt confused and a little frightened.
Signora Lisabetta was waiting for him outside his door.  She knew he was interested in Beatrice. "I have good news for you," she said.  "I know where there is a secret entrance into Rappaccini's garden."
Giovanni could not believe his ears. "Where is it?" he asked. "Show me the way."

Rappaccini's Daughter, Part 2


Download MP3

Today, we complete the story "Rappaccini's Daughter."  It was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Here is Kay Gallant with the second and final part of "Rappaccini's Daughter."
Many years ago, a young man named Giovanni Guasconti left his home in Naples to study in northern Italy. He took a room in an old house next to a magnificent garden filled with strange flowers and other plants.
The garden belonged to a doctor, Giacomo Rappaccini.  He lived with his daughter, Beatrice, in a small brown house in the garden. From a window of his room, Giovanni had seen that Rappaccini's daughter was very beautiful. But everyone in Padua was afraid of her father.
Pietro Baglioni, a professor at the university, warned Giovanni about the mysterious Doctor Rappaccini. "He is a great scientist," Professor Baglioni told the young man. "But he is also dangerous. Rappaccini cares more about science than he does about people.  He has created many terrible poisons from the plants in his garden."
One day, Giovanni found a secret entrance to Rappaccini's garden. He went in. The plants all seemed wild and unnatural. Giovanni realized that Rappaccini must have created these strange and terrible flowers through his experiments.
Suddenly, Rappaccini's daughter came into the garden. She moved quickly among the flowers until she reached him. Giovanni apologized for coming into the garden without an invitation. But Beatrice smiled at him and made him feel welcome.
"I see you love flowers," she said.  "And so you have come to take a closer look at my father's rare collection."
While she spoke, Giovanni noticed a perfume in the air around her. He wasn't sure if this wonderful smell came from the flowers or from her breath.
She asked him about his home and his family. She told him she had spent her life in this garden. Giovanni felt as if he were talking to a very small child. Her spirit sparkled like clear water.
They walked slowly though the garden as they talked. At last they reached a beautiful plant that was covered with large purple flowers. He realized that the perfume from those flowers was like the perfume of Beatrice's breath, but much stronger.
The young man reached out to break off one of the purple flowers. But Beatrice gave a scream that went through his heart like a knife. She caught his hand and pulled it away from the plant with all her strength.
"Don't ever touch those flowers!" she cried. "They will take your life!" Hiding her face, she ran into the house. Then, Giovanni saw Doctor Rappaccini standing in the garden.
That night, Giovanni could not stop thinking about how sweet and beautiful Beatrice was. Finally, he fell asleep. But when the morning came, he woke up in great pain. He felt as if one of his hands was on fire. It was the hand that Beatrice had grabbed in hers when he reached for one of the purple flowers.
Giovanni looked down at his hand. There was a purple mark on it that looked like four small fingers and a little thumb. But because his heart was full of Beatrice, Giovanni forgot about the pain in his hand.
He began to meet her in the garden every day. At last, she told him that she loved him. But she would never let him kiss her or even hold her hand.
One morning, several weeks later, Professor Baglioni visited Giovanni. "I was worried about you," the older man said. "You have not come to your classes at the university for more than a month. Is something wrong?"
Giovanni was not pleased to see his old friend. "No, nothing is wrong. I am fine, thank you." He wanted Professor Baglioni to leave. But the old man took off his hat and sat down.
"My dear Giovanni," he said.  "You must stay away from Rappaccini and his daughter. Her father has given her poison from the time she was a baby. The poison is in her blood and on her breath. If Rappaccini did this to his own daughter, what is he planning to do to you?"
Giovanni covered his face with his hands. "Oh my God!" he cried. "Don't worry, the old man continued. "It is not too late to save you. And we may succeed in helping Beatrice, too. Do you see this little silver bottle? It holds a medicine that will destroy even the most powerful poison. Give it to your Beatrice to drink."
Professor Baglioni put the little bottle on the table and left Giovanni's room. The young man wanted to believe that Beatrice was a sweet and innocent girl. And yet, Professor Baglioni's words had put doubts in his heart.
It was nearly time for his daily meeting with Beatrice. As Giovanni combed his hair, he looked at himself in a mirror near his bed. He could not help noticing how handsome he was. His eyes looked particularly bright. And his face had a healthy warm glow.
He said to himself, "At least her poison has not gotten into my body yet." As he spoke he happened to look at some flowers he had just bought that morning. A shock of horror went through his body.
The flowers were turning brown! Giovanni's face became very white as he stared at himself in the mirror.
Then he noticed a spider crawling near his window. He bent over the insect and blew a breath of air at it. The spider trembled, and fell dead. "I am cursed," Giovanni whispered to himself. "My own breath is poison."
At that moment, a rich, sweet voice came floating up from the garden. "Giovanni! You are late. Come down."
"You are a monster!" Giovanni shouted as soon as he reached her. "And with your poison you have made me into a monster, too. I am a prisoner of this garden."
"Giovanni!" Beatrice cried, looking at him with her large bright eyes. "Why are you saying these terrible things? It is true that I can never leave this garden. But you are free to go wherever you wish."
Giovanni looked at her with hate in his eyes. "Don't pretend that you don't know what you have done to me."
A group of insects had flown into the garden. They came toward Giovanni and flew around his head.  He blew his breath at them. The insects fell to the ground, dead.
Beatrice screamed. "I see it! I see it! My father's science has done this to us. Believe me, Giovanni, I did not ask him to do this to you. I only wanted to love you."
Giovanni's anger changed to sadness. Then, he remembered the medicine that Professor Baglioni had given him. Perhaps the medicine would destroy the poison in their bodies and help them to become normal again.
"Dear Beatrice," he said, "our fate is not so terrible." He showed her the little silver bottle and told her what the medicine inside it might do. "I will drink first," she said. "You must wait to see what happens to me before you drink it."
She put Baglioni's medicine to her lips and took a small sip. At the same moment, Rappaccini came out of his house and walked slowly toward the two young people. He spread his hands out to them as if he were giving them a blessing.
"My daughter," he said, "you are no longer alone in the world. Give Giovanni one of the purple flowers from your favorite plant. It will not hurt him now. My science and your love have made him different from ordinary men."
"My father," Beatrice said weakly, "why did you do this terrible thing to your own child?"
Rappaccini looked surprised. "What do you mean, my daughter?" he asked. "You have power no other woman has. You can defeat your strongest enemy with only your breath. Would you rather be a weak woman?"
"I want to be loved, not feared," Beatrice replied. "But now, it does not matter. I am leaving you, father. I am going where the poison you have given me will do no harm. Good bye to you, Giovanni."
Beatrice dropped to the ground. She died at the feet of her father and Giovanni. The poison had been too much a part of the young woman. The medicine that destroyed the poison, destroyed her, as well.
You have just heard the story "Rappaccini's Daughter."  It was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and adapted for Special English by Dona de Sanctis. Your storyteller was Kay Gallant. This is Shep O'Neal.